The range of an AIS station is significantly influenced by its location and the altitude of its antenna. The most crucial factor is the height at which the antenna is installed. Generally, an antenna positioned 15 meters above sea level can receive AIS signals within a range of approximately 15-20 nautical miles. By elevating the antenna to several hundred meters above sea level, you can extend this range even further.

The reason for this is the Earth's curvature, which impacts the reception of AIS signals. The higher the antenna, the bigger the range. In addition to altitude, several other factors can affect the range of your AIS station:

Antenna Type - The design and specifications of the antenna play a crucial role. Different antennas have varying gain levels and patterns that can affect how effectively they receive signals.

Obstructions - Physical barriers such as buildings, trees, or other structures can obstruct or reflect AIS signals, potentially reducing the effective range.

Weather Conditions - Atmospheric conditions, including rain, fog, and temperature variations, can impact signal propagation. Adverse weather can attenuate the signal strength and, consequently, the reception range.

Overall, to maximize the range and effectiveness of your AIS station, focus on placing your antenna as high as possible, choosing the right antenna, and minimizing potential obstructions.